Critical & Tech Metals
Rare earth elements, thorium, and barium from the Guayana Highlands REE Complex, alongside gallium, scandium, niobium, tantalum, and thulium — the elements defining 21st-century technological and military competitiveness. Full sanctions-compliant traceability from deposit to buyer.
Bolívar State — 1.5M Tonnes REE
The Bolívar State carbonatite complex in southeastern Venezuela hosts 1.5 million tonnes of rare earth elements, alongside significant quantities of thorium (with more energy potential than the entire Orinoco Belt) and barium. Explore each individual element:
Rare Earth Elements (REE)
| Element | Symbol | % of Total | Tonnes | Primary Application |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cerium | Ce | 48% | 720,000 t | Catalysts, glass polishing |
| Lanthanum | La | 24% | 360,000 t | Camera lenses, NiMH batteries |
| Neodymium | Nd | 18.5% | 277,500 t | EV/Wind/Defense magnets |
| Praseodymium | Pr | 5% | 75,000 t | Magnetic alloys |
| Samarium | Sm | 2% | 30,000 t | SmCo magnets (high-temp) |
| Gadolinium | Gd | 1.5% | 22,500 t | MRI contrast agents |
| Thulium | Tm | 0.5% | 7,500 t | Lasers, portable X-ray, cancer treatment |
| Others (Dy, Tb, Eu, Y) | — | 1% | 15,000 t | Phosphors, military magnets |
Associated Minerals & Tech Metals
| Material | Symbol | Reserve | Value | Application |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thorium | Th | 324,000 t | $81B | Clean nuclear energy (>300B bbl equivalent) |
| Barium | Ba | — | — | Drilling muds, medical imaging, shielding |
| Niobium | Nb | 583,000 t | $23.3B | Superalloys, HSLA steel, superconductors |
| Tantalum | Ta | 58,300 t* | $11.66B | Capacitors, aerospace, medical implants |
| Gallium | Ga | 11,514 t | $3.45B | 5G chips, GaN semiconductors, LEDs |
| Scandium | Sc | 3,819 t | $13.4B | Aerospace alloys (Scalmalloy®), SOFCs |
| Thulium | Tm | 7,500 t | $52.5B | 2μm lasers, portable X-ray, brachytherapy |
* Tantalum estimated from 10:1 Nb:Ta ratio. Ga and Sc extracted as byproducts from 570M t bauxite.
Thorium → · Barium → · Niobium → · Tantalum → · Gallium → · Scandium → · Thulium →
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